The complaints allege that robots used cameras and lidar sensors to capture three-dimensional measurements of customers’ faces and hands as they unlocked compartments to retrieve food. They also claim the robots scan people they encounter on sidewalks. The companies deny the allegations.

The cases involve two customers. Mitchell Breidinger said he received a Coco robot delivery through DoorDash on Sept. 29, 2025. Barry Schain said he received three deliveries from Serve robots through Uber Eats, most recently on Oct. 4, according to the filings.

The suits allege Coco retained the data to train artificial intelligence and shared it with OpenAI. The complaint against Serve says the company licenses video and lidar data to third parties for training their own models.

Illinois’ Biometric Information Privacy Act, passed in 2008, requires companies to give written notice explaining why they collect biometric identifiers, how long they will keep them and to obtain written consent. It also sets rules for storing and sharing the information. Face and hand geometry scans can fall under the law.

Coco said the claims are meritless and that it has not collected biometric data in Chicago or shared it with third parties. “This lawsuit fundamentally misunderstands our technology,” Carl Hansen, the company’s head of government relations, said in a statement.

Serve said it would defend itself. A spokesperson said its robots use cameras and sensors to navigate safely, but do not use data to identify individuals or create biometric profiles.

The plaintiffs seek statutory damages of $1,000 for each negligent violation or $5,000 for each intentional or reckless violation, as well as court orders requiring the companies to comply with the law and payment of legal fees and costs. The allegations have not been proven in court.