WASHINGTON — The Senate is expected to vote Monday on a sweeping college sports bill that would give the NCAA a limited antitrust exemption and reshape rules for athlete compensation, eligibility and transfers. Former college athletes in the Senate have taken sharply different views of the measure, reflecting a broader debate over whether Congress can stabilize college sports without limiting athletes’ rights. The Protect College Sports Act is expected to pass with at least 70 votes after more than a year of negotiations. Supporters say the measure would address instability in Division I sports, including frequent transfers, lawsuits over eligibility and rising athletic department costs. The bill has support from President Donald Trump, but its prospects in the House remain uncertain; the chamber is on recess until after the November midterm elections. Sen. Tommy Tuberville, an Alabama Republican and former college football coach, switched from opposition to support this month. He had initially objected to federal involvement in college sports, but came to back the bill’s effort to restore a five-year eligibility limit and allow one transfer without an athlete sitting out a season. Subsequent transfers would generally require a year on the sidelines, with exceptions. Tuberville has argued that athletes should be able to earn money, acknowledging that schools, conferences, television networks, sponsors and coaches profited while players were barred from compensation. But he says the current transfer environment makes it difficult for coaches to develop athletes over several years. The bill would also raise the amount schools can distribute directly to players through revenue sharing from about $21 million this season to $49 million. It seeks to restrict above-market name, image and likeness deals, cap agent pay and let conferences pool media rights. Other provisions aim to preserve roster spots in women’s and Olympic sports and limit major conferences to 19 members, while discouraging schools from changing conferences. Those conference limits have drawn opposition from Florida’s two senators, amid concerns they could restrict the future options of schools including Florida State and Miami. Sen. Cory Booker, a New Jersey Democrat who played tight end at Stanford, has voted against the bill in procedural votes and offered amendments, including a proposal to cap coaches’ annual salaries at $5 million. Nearly 50 college football coaches and more than a dozen basketball coaches earn more than that, according to salary databases cited in the debate. Booker says the legislation does too little to address the imbalance between athletes and the institutions and coaches who benefit from college sports. He has pointed to steep growth in athletic department spending: a report released this month by Sen. Maria Cantwell, Washington’s lead Democrat on the bill, found that from 2005 to 2023, travel costs rose 200%, game-day expenses 250%, recruiting costs more than 300%, and coach compensation 370%. Booker has also described seeing teammates from less wealthy backgrounds contribute to the university and television contracts without resources proportionate to their work. After graduation, he said, some former players struggled to pay for the rest of their degrees, while injured athletes faced lasting health effects and medical bills of their own. Missouri Republican Sen. Eric Schmitt, a former football and baseball player at Truman State, is a co-sponsor. Like Tuberville, he initially questioned whether Congress should intervene, but now argues that lawmakers have a role in addressing the upheaval. He has helped build support for the bipartisan measure. The Senate vote would mark the strongest congressional action yet on college sports reform, as courts and legal settlements have helped drive changes to athlete compensation and NCAA rules. But the bill’s broad support does not settle the central dispute: how to give schools greater control over a rapidly changing system while ensuring athletes share in the wealth and protection their work helps generate.