SACRAMENTO — California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a package of 13 laws Thursday aimed at limiting the risks that social media and artificial-intelligence tools pose to children, including legislation supported by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman. The measures increase technology companies’ responsibilities for protecting young users, restrict certain social media features for children under 16 and create new rules for AI chatbots. Newsom signed the bills at an event in Sausalito as lawmakers and families push for greater accountability from companies whose products are used by millions of California children. “ We’re going to again lead the nation, but the bar is pretty damn low,” Newsom said before signing the legislation, arguing that Congress and the White House have failed to establish comparable nationwide protections. One of the central measures, SB 1119, requires AI chatbot companies to verify users’ ages, limit minors’ exposure to inappropriate material and restrict advertising directed at children. The law is also known as Adam’s Law, after Adam Raine, a California teenager whose family says extensive conversations with ChatGPT about self-harm preceded his death by suicide. Raine’s mother, Maria Raine, attended the signing and said the law could prevent other families from experiencing similar harm. Her family is suing OpenAI over Adam’s death, allegations the company would face in court. The legislation requires chatbots to use protective default settings, including limits on persistent memory of conversations with minors. It allows some retention of children’s data with parental permission. Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan, one of the bill’s authors, said persistent memory could allow a chatbot to build an unusually detailed relationship with a vulnerable young user. OpenAI backed the measure as it moved through the Legislature. The company’s global policy chief, Chris Lehane, said the law establishes strong protections for parents and teenagers. Meta said the bill was not perfect but represented a meaningful attempt to balance the benefits and risks of AI. A second measure, AB 1709, bars social media companies from giving children under 16 personalized feeds and other features intended to maximize time on the platform, including infinite scrolling and autoplay. Children could continue using social media if those features are disabled. The law relies on an age-verification system established by legislation passed last year. Beginning in January, people setting up new phones and laptops will be asked to provide their birth dates, and device manufacturers will be required to share users’ ages with apps. Youth online-safety advocates have described AB 1709 as a narrower alternative to outright social media bans adopted or considered in other countries. Critics warn that age checks could be easy to evade and that limiting personalized feeds may make it harder for LGBTQ+ young people to find community and support online. Newsom defended the approach as a way to target platform design rather than ban teenagers from social media altogether. “This is about actually addressing the problem, the scrolling, the algorithms,” he said. AB 2, another measure signed Thursday, allows fines of up to $1 million per child when technology platforms are found liable for fostering anxiety, depression or other harms. In certain cases, it also triples damages that courts award to children or their families. Assemblymember Josh Lowenthal, who authored the measure, said companies should have a legal duty to place children’s well-being ahead of platform profits. Social media companies including Meta, Google, Snap and TikTok are already facing hundreds of lawsuits related to alleged harms to children. Meta agreed last month to a settlement with states that could cost the company as much as $18 billion, though Newsom called that amount inadequate. The package also includes a ban on schools requiring transitional-kindergarten and kindergarten students to take home devices such as iPads and Chromebooks. Another law prohibits companies from selling certain AI-enabled toys. Newsom is still considering other artificial-intelligence legislation, including measures backed by labor groups. He said additional action could come as soon as next week, including proposals involving data centers.