The board, which sets academic standards, reviews instructional materials and oversees the state's public education system, has been controlled by Republicans since the 1990s. But a combination of retirements, redistricting and changing demographics in suburban districts has put several seats in play, and Democratic gains in recent election cycles have left the party within striking distance of a majority.

The outcome would have significant implications for Texas schools, which educate roughly 5.5 million students. The board has in recent years been at the center of contentious fights over how history, science and sex education are taught, with conservative members pushing for standards that emphasize traditional viewpoints and limit discussion of systemic racism and climate change.

A Democratic majority could lead to a review of those standards, with a greater emphasis on accurate and inclusive history, evidence-based science education and comprehensive health instruction. It could also affect the adoption of new textbooks and digital materials, a process that has drawn intense public interest and lobbying from advocacy groups on both sides.

The shift comes as Texas continues to grow and diversify, particularly in the suburbs where once-reliable Republican voters have moved toward Democrats. Several board seats representing those areas have become competitive, and Democratic candidates have outperformed in recent elections.

Supporters of the change argue that the board needs to reflect the state's changing population and focus on preparing students for a modern economy and society. Critics warn that a Democratic majority could politicize the board in the opposite direction and push an agenda that doesn't align with many Texas families.

The board's 15 members are elected from districts across the state. While the body has often operated below the radar of national politics, its decisions have far-reaching consequences, influencing what students learn and how teachers approach sensitive topics. In recent years, meetings have drawn large crowds and passionate testimony, particularly over issues like the teaching of race and racism, climate science and sex education.

With the majority hanging in the balance, both parties are expected to pour resources into the remaining races. The results could also signal broader political trends in Texas, which has been a Republican stronghold but where Democrats have made steady gains in urban and suburban areas.

For parents, educators and students, the stakes are clear: the board's direction will shape the classroom experience for years to come. A Democratic takeover would mark a historic turning point in a state where education policy has been dominated by conservatives for a generation.