North Carolina voters will decide this fall whether to add three changes to the state constitution, covering local property taxes, voter identification and state income-tax rates. Republican lawmakers placed the proposals on the ballot. Constitutional amendments can be difficult to reverse. Each proposal would shape the authority of future elected officials, although the property-tax amendment would leave important details to be worked out later by the General Assembly. One measure would require state lawmakers to limit increases in the total property-tax levies collected by local governments. The amendment does not set a specific cap. If voters approve it, legislators would need to determine how the limit works, including whether to account for inflation, population growth or other factors. Supporters argue that limiting levy increases would encourage careful spending and help keep housing costs manageable. Rep. Brian Echevarria said homeowners can lose their homes because of rising tax bills. Opponents say a statewide restriction could leave cities and counties with less money for schools, infrastructure, emergency services and other needs, despite differing local circumstances. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools leaders have warned that a property-tax limit could harm students. The district uses local tax revenue to supplement teacher pay, among other purposes. A second amendment would put a photo-identification requirement for voting into the constitution and extend its stated reach beyond in-person voting to include mail ballots. North Carolina already requires voters to show identification or use a qualifying exception under state law, so approval would not immediately create a new voting procedure for most voters. Supporters say constitutional language would make the ID requirement harder to repeal. Opponents argue that requiring identification could create obstacles for some military, student, rural and older voters, and that the amendment would protect the requirement without protecting the exceptions. Disability Rights North Carolina, for example, has noted that a senior voting by mail may lack access to a photocopier and rely on an exception form. The third proposal would bar the state from setting personal or corporate income-tax rates above 3.5%, beginning in 2027. The current constitutional limit is 7%. North Carolina’s personal income-tax rate is 3.99% and is scheduled to fall to 3.49% in 2027; the corporate rate is set to decline from 2% to zero by 2030. Approval, therefore, would not itself lower taxes. Opponents say the cap would restrict future legislatures’ ability to change tax policy and make it harder to increase taxes on high earners. Democratic Gov. Josh Stein has called it a “millionaire protection cap.” Supporters describe the proposal as protection against future tax increases. North Carolina currently uses a flat income-tax rate, meaning taxpayers pay the same rate regardless of income. The amendments ask voters to decide not only on specific policies but also on how much flexibility state and local governments should retain to respond to future needs. For the property-tax measure in particular, the eventual effect would depend on rules lawmakers adopt if it passes.